What nematode causes stunted turf with galled, swollen roots and reduced vigor?

What nematode causes stunted turf with galled, swollen roots and reduced vigor?

• A. Sting nematodes
• B. Root-knot nematodes
• C. Chinch bugs
• D. White grubs

Answer: (B)

Root-knot nematodes produce swollen, galled roots because they invade the root tissue and induce abnormal cell growth, forming knot-like structures. These galls interfere with the plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients, leading to stunted growth and reduced turf vigor. The distinctive root galls are a classic diagnostic sign of Meloidogyne spp., so this pest best explains the described symptoms. Sting nematodes can also stunt turf, but they don’t typically create the noticeable root galls seen with root-knot nematodes. Chinch bugs and white grubs are insects, not nematodes, and their damage shows differently—for example, leaf feeding symptoms or general root decline rather than the characteristic root galls.

Root-knot nematodes produce swollen, galled roots because they invade the root tissue and induce abnormal cell growth, forming knot-like structures. These galls interfere with the plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients, leading to stunted growth and reduced turf vigor. The distinctive root galls are a classic diagnostic sign of Meloidogyne spp., so this pest best explains the described symptoms.

Sting nematodes can also stunt turf, but they don’t typically create the noticeable root galls seen with root-knot nematodes. Chinch bugs and white grubs are insects, not nematodes, and their damage shows differently—for example, leaf feeding symptoms or general root decline rather than the characteristic root galls.